vulnerability
In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system's information assurance.
Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements: a system susceptibility or flaw, attacker access to the flaw, and attacker capability to exploit the flaw. To exploit a vulnerability, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a system weakness. In this frame, vulnerability is also known as the attack surface.
Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements: a system susceptibility or flaw, attacker access to the flaw, and attacker capability to exploit the flaw. To exploit a vulnerability, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a system weakness. In this frame, vulnerability is also known as the attack surface.
Vulnerability management is the cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, remediating, and mitigating vulnerabilities" This practice generally refers to software vulnerabilities in computing systems.
A security risk may be classified as a vulnerability. The usage of
vulnerability with the same meaning of risk can lead to confusion. The
risk is tied to the potential of a significant loss. Then there are
vulnerabilities without risk: for example when the affected asset
has no value. A vulnerability with one or more known instances of
working and fully implemented attacks is classified as an exploitable
vulnerability — a vulnerability for which an exploit exists. The window of vulnerability
is the time from when the security hole was introduced or manifested in
deployed software, to when access was removed, a security fix was
available/deployed, or the attacker was disabled.
Security bug
is a narrower concept: there are vulnerabilities that are not related
to software: hardware, site, personnel vulnerabilities are examples of
vulnerabilities that are not software security bugs.
Constructs in programming languages that are difficult to use properly can be a large source of vulnerabilities.
exploit
An exploit (from the verb to exploit, in the meaning of using something to one’s own advantage) is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug, glitch or vulnerability
in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behaviour to occur on
computer software, hardware, or something electronic (usually
computerised). This frequently includes such things as gaining control
of a computer system or allowing privilege escalation or a denial-of-service attack.
Bug
A software bug is the common term used to describe an error, flaw, mistake, failure, or fault in a computer program or system that produces an incorrect or unexpected result, or causes it to behave in unintended ways.
Glitch
A glitch is a short-lived fault
in a system. It is often used to describe a transient fault that
corrects itself, and is therefore difficult to troubleshoot. The term is
particularly common in the computing and electronics industries, and in circuit bending, as well as among players of video games, although it is applied to all types of systems including human organizations and nature.
Payload
Payload in computing (sometimes referred to as the actual or body data) is the cargo of a data transmission. It is the part of the transmitted data which is the fundamental purpose of the transmission, to the exclusion of information sent with it (such as headers or metadata, sometimes referred to as overhead data) solely to facilitate delivery.[1][2]In the analysis of malicious software such as worms, viruses and Trojans, it refers to the software's harmful results. Examples of payloads include data destruction, messages with insulting text or spurious e-mail messages sent to a large number of people.
In computer security, payload refers to the part of a computer virus which performs a malicious action
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